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Technology of plasma arc cutting

Plasma-arc cutting is performed by an electric arc, most often direct current, and plasma stream. Under the influence of these factors, the metal melts and then gets blown out. In this way, it is possible to cut metal sheets and slabs into desired parts with high accuracy.


Since the temperature of plasma can reach 25 000 degrees and the melting point of the most refractory metals does not exceed 5-6 000, the cutting is carried out extremely quickly, and the surrounding metal undergoes minimal heating. Steel as the most common metal alloy melts at 1420-1520 degrees.

Сибирь АRМ 2000х3000 Сибирь АRМ 1000х1000 Сибирь АRМ 1000х1000


Plasma arc cutting process is applying a certain amount of heat to the cutting line of the metal. It is determined by the ratio in which the cutting speed, the melt cut-off area, the specific weight of the metal, its heat capacity, the temperature difference from the initial temperature to the melting temperature and the process efficiency are multiplied. Please note they equally affect the cutting process.


The plasma-arc cutting is also affected by the speed of plasma stream. With an increase in gas consumption, the speed increases, but it decreases rapidly with the expansion of the nozzle. At a current of 250 A, it can reach 800 m / s. At the same time, the stream velocity of the liquid metal usually ranges between 20-40 m/s.


Advantages of plasma arc cutting


1.     High cutting speed of workpieces of small and medium thickness. Plasma arc cutting shows the best results on this parameter, regardless the strength characteristics of the material.


2.     Универсальность использования. Versatile use. Plasma arc cutting can be applied for any metals and their alloys as long as they are conductive. Plasma cutting can be used for non-metallic materials, but the equipment with different torch design does this.


3.     Cut accuracy. The plasma cutting machine are extremely accurate, especially gantry cutting machines with rigid structure. They are equipped with CNC systems and servo engines for moving the burner. Only laser cutting can be more accurate than plasma cutting.


4.     Low cost. Plasma cutting requires only power supply and compressed air which results from the operation of compressor and engine. The consumables (nozzles and electrodes) are rarely needed.


5.     High performance. It is especially true for the industrial plasma cutting machines equipped with CNC system.


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